> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://red.infiltr8.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://red.infiltr8.io/redteam/discovery/windows/network-configuration.md).

# Network Configuration

## Theory

Understanding the target network configuration is a critical enumeration phase. Interfaces, routes, and active connections is pivotal for mapping out the network infrastructure and identifying potential points of entry or vulnerabilities.

This section will explore key commands used to enumerate and gather crucial network information, providing insights into how these commands aid in assessing and understanding the network environment.

## Practice

### Routing Table

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="route" %}
The `route print` command may be used to display the routing table of a Windows system.

```powershell
route print
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### Network Interfaces

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="ipconfig" %}
`IPConfig` is a versatile command that provides comprehensive information about the network interfaces, IP addresses, subnet masks, DNS configuration, MAC addresses, and more.

```powershell
# Display network interface informations
ipconfig /all

# Display local DNS cache
ipconfig /all
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### Display Connections

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="netstat" %}
The `netstat` command may be used to displays active and listening network connections, including ports and associated processes.

```powershell
# Display all connections and ports with associated process ID
netstat -ano

# Display all connections and ports with associated process ID + executable involved
# Require admin rights
netstat -bano

# Display only listening ports
netstat -an | findstr LISTENING
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### **ARP Table**

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="arp" %}
The `arp` command in Windows can be used to display the ARP cache, which contains the mapping of IP addresses to MAC addresses within the local network. This command provides a list of known devices and their corresponding MAC addresses connected to the network.

```powershell
arp -a
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

### NetBIOS Name Cache

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="nbtstat" %}
The `nbtstat` command may be used to displays the [NetBIOS](/network-pentesting/protocols/nbt-ns-netbios.md) name table cache, listing the NetBIOS names and their corresponding IP addresses cached on the local system.

```powershell
nbtstat -c
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## Resources

{% embed url="<https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/>" %}